Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solution

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13320v3
• Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 17:14:27 GMT
• Title: Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solution
• Authors: Jishnu Mukhoti, Yarin Gal, Philip H. S. Torr, Puneet K. Dokania,
• Abstract summary: A fine-tuned model's ability to recognize concepts on tasks is reduced significantly compared to its pre-trained counterpart. We propose a new fine-tuning method called $textitLDIFS$ that, while learning new concepts related to the downstream task, allows a model to preserve its pre-trained knowledge as well.
• Score: 87.35911633187204
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Pre-trained foundation models, due to their enormous capacity and exposure to vast amounts of data during pre-training, are known to have learned plenty of real-world concepts. An important step in making these pre-trained models effective on downstream tasks is to fine-tune them on related datasets. While various fine-tuning methods have been devised and have been shown to be highly effective, we observe that a fine-tuned model's ability to recognize concepts on tasks $\textit{different}$ from the downstream one is reduced significantly compared to its pre-trained counterpart. This is an undesirable effect of fine-tuning as a substantial amount of resources was used to learn these pre-trained concepts in the first place. We call this phenomenon ''concept forgetting'' and via experiments show that most end-to-end fine-tuning approaches suffer heavily from this side effect. To this end, we propose a simple fix to this problem by designing a new fine-tuning method called $\textit{LDIFS}$ (short for $\ell_2$ distance in feature space) that, while learning new concepts related to the downstream task, allows a model to preserve its pre-trained knowledge as well. Through extensive experiments on 10 fine-tuning tasks we show that $\textit{LDIFS}$ significantly reduces concept forgetting. Additionally, we show that LDIFS is highly effective in performing continual fine-tuning on a sequence of tasks as well, in comparison with both fine-tuning as well as continual learning baselines.

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