Quantifying nonclassicality of vacuum-one-photon superpositions via potentials for Bell nonlocality, quantum steering, and entanglement

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12930v1
• Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 15:28:37 GMT
• Title: Quantifying nonclassicality of vacuum-one-photon superpositions via potentials for Bell nonlocality, quantum steering, and entanglement
• Authors: Adam Miranowicz, Josef Kadlec, Karol Bartkiewicz, Anton\'in \v{C}ernoch, Yueh-Nan Chen, Karel Lemr, Franco Nori
• Abstract summary: Entanglement potentials are popular measures of the nonclassicality of single-mode optical fields. We generalize this concept to define the potentials for Bell nonlocality and quantum steering. Although we focus on the analysis of VOPS states, single-mode potentials can also be applied to study the nonclassicality of qudits or continuous-variable systems.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Entanglement potentials are popular measures of the nonclassicality of single-mode optical fields. These potentials are defined by the amount of entanglement (measured by, e.g., the negativity or concurrence) of the two-mode field generated by mixing a given single-mode field with the vacuum on a balanced beam splitter. We generalize this concept to define the potentials for Bell nonlocality and quantum steering in specific measurement scenarios, in order to quantify single-mode nonclassicality in a more refined way. Thus, we can study the hierarchy of three types of potentials in close analogy to the well-known hierarchy of the corresponding two-mode quantum correlations. For clarity of our presentation, we focus on the analysis of the nonclassicality potentials for arbitrary vacuum-one-photon superpositions (VOPSs), corresponding to a photon-number qubit. We discuss experimentally feasible implementations for the generation of single-mode VOPS states, their mixing with the vacuum on a balanced beam splitter, and their two-mode Wigner-function reconstruction using homodyne tomography to determine the potentials. We analyze the effects of imperfections, including phase damping and unbalanced beam splitting on the quality of the reconstructed two-mode states and nonclassicality potentials. Although we focus on the analysis of VOPS states, single-mode potentials can also be applied to study the nonclassicality of qudits or continuous-variable systems.

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