Observation of the diffusive Nambu-Goldstone mode of a non-equilibrium phase transition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11903v1
• Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 11:43:30 GMT
• Title: Observation of the diffusive Nambu-Goldstone mode of a non-equilibrium phase transition
• Authors: Ferdinand Claude and Maxime J. Jacquet and Michiel Wouters and Elisabeth Giacobino and Quentin Glorieux and Iacopo Carusotto and Alberto Bramati
• Abstract summary: We present the first experimental evidence of a diffusive NG mode in a non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of microcavity polaritons. explicitly breaking the symmetry causes the opening of a gap in the spectrum and the disappearance of the NG mode. Our observations confirm the diffusive dynamics of the NG mode of non-equilibrium phase transitions and establish a promising framework to investigate fundamental questions in statistical mechanics.
• Score: 27.619194576741673
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Second-order phase transitions are governed by spontaneous symmetry breaking, which yield collective excitations with a gapless spectrum called Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes. While NG modes in conservative systems are propagating excitations, non-equilibrium phase transitions have been predicted to feature a diffusive NG mode. We present the first experimental evidence of a diffusive NG mode in a non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of microcavity polaritons. The NG mode is observed as a spectral narrowing in the spectroscopic response of the condensate. Additionally, explicitly breaking the symmetry causes the opening of a gap in the spectrum and the disappearance of the NG mode. Our observations confirm the diffusive dynamics of the NG mode of non-equilibrium phase transitions and establish a promising framework to investigate fundamental questions in statistical mechanics.

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