Coherent manipulation of nuclear spins in the strong driving regime

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.20667v1
• Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2023 17:31:27 GMT
• Title: Coherent manipulation of nuclear spins in the strong driving regime
• Authors: Dan Yudilevich, Alon Salhov, Ido Schaefer, Konstantin Herb, Alex Retzker, Amit Finkler
• Abstract summary: We present an antenna for strong driving in quantum sensing experiments. The antenna is tailored for quantum sensing experiments using the diamond's nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. We discuss the implications of driving spins with a field tilted from the transverse plane in a regime where the driving amplitude is comparable to the spin-state splitting.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Spin-based quantum information processing makes extensive use of spin-state manipulation. This ranges from dynamical decoupling of nuclear spins in quantum sensing experiments to applying logical gates on qubits in a quantum processor. Here we present an antenna for strong driving in quantum sensing experiments and theoretically address challenges of the strong driving regime. First, we designed and implemented a micron-scale planar spiral RF antenna capable of delivering intense fields to a sample. The planar antenna is tailored for quantum sensing experiments using the diamond's nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center and should be applicable to other solid-state defects. The antenna has a broad bandwidth of 22 MHz, is compatible with scanning probes, and is suitable for cryogenic and ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We measure the magnetic field induced by the antenna and estimate a field-to-current ratio of $113\pm 16$ G/A, representing a x6 increase in efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art. We demonstrate the antenna by driving Rabi oscillations in $^1$H spins of an organic sample on the diamond surface and measure $^1$H Rabi frequencies of over 500 kHz, i.e., $\mathrm{\pi}$-pulses shorter than 1 $\mu s$ - faster than previously reported in NV-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, we discuss the implications of driving spins with a field tilted from the transverse plane in a regime where the driving amplitude is comparable to the spin-state splitting, such that the rotating wave approximation does not describe the dynamics well. We present a recipe to optimize pulse fidelity in this regime based on a phase and offset-shifted sine drive, that may be optimized without numerical optimization procedures or precise modeling of the experiment. We consider this approach in a range of driving amplitudes and show that it is particularly efficient in the case of a tilted driving field.

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