Resource-efficient shadow tomography using equatorial stabilizer measurements

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14622v3
• Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2024 03:54:10 GMT
• Title: Resource-efficient shadow tomography using equatorial stabilizer measurements
• Authors: Guedong Park, Yong Siah Teo, Hyunseok Jeong,
• Abstract summary: equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow-tomography schemes can estimate $M$ observables using $mathcalO(log(M),mathrmpoly(n),1/varepsilon2)$ sampling copies. We numerically confirm our theoretically-derived shadow-tomographic sampling complexities with random pure states and multiqubit graph states.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We propose a resource-efficient shadow-tomography scheme using equatorial-stabilizer measurements generated from subsets of Clifford unitaries. For $n$-qubit systems, equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow-tomography schemes can estimate $M$ observables (up to an additive error $\varepsilon$) using $\mathcal{O}(\log(M),\mathrm{poly}(n),1/\varepsilon^2)$ sampling copies for a large class of observables, including those with traceless parts possessing polynomially-bounded Frobenius norms. For arbitrary quantum-state observables, sampling complexity becomes $n$-independent. Our scheme only requires an $n$-depth controlled-$Z$ (CZ) circuit [$\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ CZ gates] and Pauli measurements per sampling copy, exhibiting a smaller maximal gate count relative to previously-known randomized-Clifford-based proposals. Implementation-wise, the maximal circuit depth is reduced to $\frac{n}{2}+\mathcal{O}(\log(n))$ with controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Alternatively, our scheme is realizable with $2n$-depth circuits comprising $O(n^2)$ nearest-neighboring CNOT gates, with possible further gate-count improvements. We numerically confirm our theoretically-derived shadow-tomographic sampling complexities with random pure states and multiqubit graph states. Finally, we demonstrate that equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow tomography is more noise-tolerant than randomized-Clifford-based schemes in terms of average gate fidelity and fidelity estimation for Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) state and W state.

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