Data Engineering for Scaling Language Models to 128K Context

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10171v1
• Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 18:19:16 GMT
• Title: Data Engineering for Scaling Language Models to 128K Context
• Authors: Yao Fu, Rameswar Panda, Xinyao Niu, Xiang Yue, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Yoon Kim and Hao Peng
• Abstract summary: We study the continual pretraining recipe for scaling language models' context lengths to 128K. We find that naively upsampling longer data on certain domains like books, a common practice of existing work, gives suboptimal performance. Our recipe outperforms strong open-source long-context models and closes the gap to frontier models like GPT-4 128K.
• Score: 98.41554785106902
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We study the continual pretraining recipe for scaling language models' context lengths to 128K, with a focus on data engineering. We hypothesize that long context modeling, in particular \textit{the ability to utilize information at arbitrary input locations}, is a capability that is mostly already acquired through large-scale pretraining, and that this capability can be readily extended to contexts substantially longer than seen during training~(e.g., 4K to 128K) through lightweight continual pretraining on appropriate data mixture. We investigate the \textit{quantity} and \textit{quality} of the data for continual pretraining: (1) for quantity, we show that 500 million to 5 billion tokens are enough to enable the model to retrieve information anywhere within the 128K context; (2) for quality, our results equally emphasize \textit{domain balance} and \textit{length upsampling}. Concretely, we find that naively upsampling longer data on certain domains like books, a common practice of existing work, gives suboptimal performance, and that a balanced domain mixture is important. We demonstrate that continual pretraining of the full model on 1B-5B tokens of such data is an effective and affordable strategy for scaling the context length of language models to 128K. Our recipe outperforms strong open-source long-context models and closes the gap to frontier models like GPT-4 128K.

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