Tracing the Roots of Facts in Multilingual Language Models: Independent, Shared, and Transferred Knowledge

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05189v1
• Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2024 10:09:57 GMT
• Title: Tracing the Roots of Facts in Multilingual Language Models: Independent, Shared, and Transferred Knowledge
• Authors: Xin Zhao, Naoki Yoshinaga, Daisuke Oba
• Abstract summary: This study investigates how multilingual language models (ML-LMs) acquire and represent factual knowledge. We identify three patterns of acquiring and representing facts in ML-LMs: language-independent, cross-lingual shared and transferred. Our findings highlight the challenge of maintaining consistent factual knowledge across languages.
• Score: 16.923674220979
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Acquiring factual knowledge for language models (LMs) in low-resource languages poses a serious challenge, thus resorting to cross-lingual transfer in multilingual LMs (ML-LMs). In this study, we ask how ML-LMs acquire and represent factual knowledge. Using the multilingual factual knowledge probing dataset, mLAMA, we first conducted a neuron investigation of ML-LMs (specifically, multilingual BERT). We then traced the roots of facts back to the knowledge source (Wikipedia) to identify the ways in which ML-LMs acquire specific facts. We finally identified three patterns of acquiring and representing facts in ML-LMs: language-independent, cross-lingual shared and transferred, and devised methods for differentiating them. Our findings highlight the challenge of maintaining consistent factual knowledge across languages, underscoring the need for better fact representation learning in ML-LMs.

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