SegICL: A Multimodal In-context Learning Framework for Enhanced Segmentation in Medical Imaging

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.16578v4
• Date: Thu, 30 May 2024 03:35:06 GMT
• Title: SegICL: A Multimodal In-context Learning Framework for Enhanced Segmentation in Medical Imaging
• Authors: Lingdong Shen, Fangxin Shang, Xiaoshuang Huang, Yehui Yang, Haifeng Huang, Shiming Xiang,
• Abstract summary: We introduce SegICL, a novel approach leveraging In-Context Learning (ICL) for image segmentation. SegICL has the capability to employ text-guided segmentation and conduct in-context learning with a small set of image-mask pairs. The performance of segmentation when provided thre-shots is approximately 1.5 times better than the performance in a zero-shot setting.
• Score: 24.32438479339158
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In the field of medical image segmentation, tackling Out-of-Distribution (OOD) segmentation tasks in a cost-effective manner remains a significant challenge. Universal segmentation models is a solution, which aim to generalize across the diverse modality of medical images, yet their effectiveness often diminishes when applied to OOD data modalities and tasks, requiring intricate fine-tuning of model for optimal performance. Few-shot learning segmentation methods are typically designed for specific modalities of data and cannot be directly transferred for use with another modality. Therefore, we introduce SegICL, a novel approach leveraging In-Context Learning (ICL) for image segmentation. Unlike existing methods, SegICL has the capability to employ text-guided segmentation and conduct in-context learning with a small set of image-mask pairs, eliminating the need for training the model from scratch or fine-tuning for OOD tasks (including OOD modality and dataset). Extensive experimental demonstrates a positive correlation between the number of shots and segmentation performance on OOD tasks. The performance of segmentation when provided thre-shots is approximately 1.5 times better than the performance in a zero-shot setting. This indicates that SegICL effectively address new segmentation tasks based on contextual information. Additionally, SegICL also exhibits comparable performance to mainstream models on OOD and in-distribution tasks. Our code will be released after paper review.

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