Energy exchange statistics and fluctuation theorem for non-thermal asymptotic states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.05310v1
• Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 08:57:41 GMT
• Title: Energy exchange statistics and fluctuation theorem for non-thermal asymptotic states
• Authors: Santiago Hernández-Gómez, Francesco Poggiali, Paola Cappellaro, Francesco S. Cataliotti, Andrea Trombettoni, Nicole Fabbri, Stefano Gherardini,
• Abstract summary: We consider a dissipative quantum dynamics leading the quantum system towards a non-thermal state. We discuss the physical interpretation of the condition $cal I$, showing that it amounts to an almost complete memory loss of the initial state.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Exchange energy statistics between two bodies at different thermal equilibrium obey the Jarzynski-W\'ojcik fluctuation theorem. The corresponding energy scale factor is the difference of the inverse temperatures associated to the bodies at equilibrium. In this work, we consider a dissipative quantum dynamics leading the quantum system towards a, possibly non-thermal, asymptotic state. To generalize the Jarzynski-W\'ojcik theorem to non-thermal states, we identify a sufficient condition ${\cal I}$ for the existence of an energy scale factor $\eta^{*}$ that is unique, finite and time-independent, such that the characteristic function of the exchange energy distribution becomes identically equal to $1$ for any time. This $\eta^*$ plays the role of the difference of inverse temperatures. We discuss the physical interpretation of the condition ${\cal I}$, showing that it amounts to an almost complete memory loss of the initial state. The robustness of our results against quantifiable deviations from the validity of ${\cal I}$ is evaluated by experimental studies on a single nitrogen-vacancy center subjected to a sequence of laser pulses and dissipation.

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