Spectroscopic measurements and models of energy deposition in the substrate of quantum circuits by natural ionizing radiation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.10866v2
• Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 21:10:14 GMT
• Title: Spectroscopic measurements and models of energy deposition in the substrate of quantum circuits by natural ionizing radiation
• Authors: Joseph W. Fowler, Paul Szypryt, Raymond Bunker, Ellen R. Edwards, Ian Fogarty Florang, Jiansong Gao, Andrea Giachero, Shannon F. Hoogerheide, Ben Loer, H. Pieter Mumm, Nathan Nakamura, Galen C. O'Neil, John L. Orrell, Elizabeth M. Scott, Jason Stevens, Daniel S. Swetz, Brent A. VanDevender, Michael Vissers, Joel N. Ullom,
• Abstract summary: Naturally occurring background radiation is a source of correlated decoherence events in superconducting qubits. We measure the background spectra in silicon substrates located inside a millikelvin refrigerator. We find the background spectrum to be nearly featureless. Its intensity decreases by a factor of 40,000 between 100 keV and 3 MeV for silicon substrates 0.5 mm thick.
• Score: 0.0
• License:
• Abstract: Naturally occurring background radiation is a source of correlated decoherence events in superconducting qubits that will challenge error-correction schemes. To characterize the radiation environment in an unshielded laboratory, we performed broadband, spectroscopic measurements of background events in silicon substrates located inside a millikelvin refrigerator, an environment representative of superconducting qubit systems. We measured the background spectra in silicon substrates of two thicknesses, 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, and obtained the average event rate and the integrated power deposition. In a 25 mm^2 area and the thinner substrate, these values are 0.023 events per second and 4.9 keV/s, counting events that deposit at least 40 keV. We find the background spectrum to be nearly featureless. Its intensity decreases by a factor of 40,000 between 100 keV and 3 MeV for silicon substrates 0.5 mm thick. We find the cryogenic measurements to be in good agreement with predictions based on measurements of the terrestrial gamma-ray flux, published models of cosmic-ray fluxes, a crude model of the cryostat, and radiation-transport simulations. No free parameters are required to predict the background spectra in the silicon substrates. The good agreement between measurements and predictions allow assessment of the relative contributions of terrestrial and cosmic background sources and their dependence on substrate thickness. Our spectroscopic measurements are performed with superconducting microresonators that transduce deposited energy to a readily detectable electrical signal. We find that gamma-ray emissions from radioisotopes are responsible for the majority of events depositing E<1.5 MeV, while nucleons among the cosmic-ray secondary particles cause most events that deposit more energy. These results suggest several paths to reducing the impact of background radiation on quantum circuits.

Related papers

• Evaluating radiation impact on transmon qubits in above and underground facilities [52.89046593457984]
  We compare the response of a transmon qubit measured initially at the Fermilab SQMS above-ground facilities and then at the deep underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (INFN-LNGS, Italy) Results indicate that qubits respond to a strong gamma source and it is possible to detect particle impacts.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-05-28T16:54:45Z)
• Site-Controlled Purcell-Induced Bright Single Photon Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride [62.170141783047974]
  Single photon emitters hosted in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are essential building blocks for quantum photonic technologies that operate at room temperature. We experimentally demonstrate large-area arrays of plasmonic nanoresonators for Purcell-induced site-controlled SPEs. Our results offer arrays of bright, heterogeneously integrated quantum light sources, paving the way for robust and scalable quantum information systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-05-03T23:02:30Z)
• Abatement of Ionizing Radiation for Superconducting Quantum Devices [0.0]
  Ionizing radiation has been shown to reduce the performance of superconducting quantum circuits. We present a shallow underground facility to reduce the flux of cosmic rays and a lead shielded cryostat to abate the naturally occurring radiogenic gamma-ray flux.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-01T23:38:56Z)
• Optical tuning of the diamond Fermi level measured by correlated scanning probe microscopy and quantum defect spectroscopy [3.443230114839641]
  Quantum technologies based on quantum point defects in crystals require control over the defect charge state. Here we tune the charge state of shallow nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers by locally oxidizing a hydrogenated surface with moderate optical excitation and simultaneous spectral monitoring.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-09-27T19:41:23Z)
• A highly-sensitive broadband superconducting thermoelectric single-photon detector [62.997667081978825]
  A thermoelectric detector (TED) converts a finite temperature difference caused by the absorption of a single photon into an open circuit thermovoltage. Our TED is able to reveal single-photons of frequency ranging from about 15 GHz to about 150 PHz depending on the chosen design and materials.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-02-06T17:08:36Z)
• Disentangling the sources of ionizing radiation in superconducting qubits [0.0]
  Radioactivity was recently discovered as a source of decoherence and correlated errors for the real-world implementation of superconducting quantum processors. We measure levels of radioactivity present in a typical laboratory environment (from muons, neutrons, and gamma's emitted by naturally occurring radioactive isotopes) and in the most commonly used materials for the assembly and operation of state-of-the-art superconducting qubits. We propose mitigation strategies for the operation of next-generation qubits in a radio-pure environment.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-11-24T13:33:21Z)
• CubeSat in-orbit validation of in-situ performance by high fidelity radiation modelling [55.41644538483948]
  The SpooQy-1 CubeSat mission demonstrated polarization-based quantum entanglement correlations using avalanche photodiodes for single-photon detection. We report the increasing dark count rates of two silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes observed throughout its 2 year orbital lifetime. We implement a high-fidelity radiation model combined with 3D computer aided design models of the SpooQy-1 CubeSat to estimate the accumulated displacement damage dose in each photodiode.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-09-01T12:33:27Z)
• Measurements of blackbody radiation-induced transition rates between high-lying S, P and D Rydberg levels [47.187609203210705]
  We report experimental measurements of the rates of blackbody radiation-induced transitions between high-lying (n>60) S, P and D Rydberg levels of rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Our results reveal significant deviations of the measured transition rates from theory for well-defined ranges of the principal quantum number. We conclude that it should be possible to use such external cavities to control and suppress the blackbody radiation-induced transitions.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-11-30T12:22:32Z)
• Nitrogen-vacancy defect emission spectra in the vicinity of an adjustable silver mirror [62.997667081978825]
  Optical emitters of quantum radiation in the solid state are important building blocks for emerging technologies. We experimentally study the emission spectrum of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy defects implanted around 8nm below the planar diamond surface.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-03-31T10:43:26Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.