Zero-Query Adversarial Attack on Black-box Automatic Speech Recognition Systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19311v1
• Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 16:39:36 GMT
• Title: Zero-Query Adversarial Attack on Black-box Automatic Speech Recognition Systems
• Authors: Zheng Fang, Tao Wang, Lingchen Zhao, Shenyi Zhang, Bowen Li, Yunjie Ge, Qi Li, Chao Shen, Qian Wang,
• Abstract summary: Black-box adversarial example attacks pose significant threats to real-world ASR systems. We propose ZQ-Attack, a transfer-based adversarial attack on ASR systems. In the over-the-line setting, ZQ-Attack achieves a 100% success rate of attack (SRoA) with an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21.91dB.
• Score: 27.281231584238824
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the vulnerability of ASR systems, revealing that black-box adversarial example attacks pose significant threats to real-world ASR systems. However, most existing black-box attacks rely on queries to the target ASRs, which is impractical when queries are not permitted. In this paper, we propose ZQ-Attack, a transfer-based adversarial attack on ASR systems in the zero-query black-box setting. Through a comprehensive review and categorization of modern ASR technologies, we first meticulously select surrogate ASRs of diverse types to generate adversarial examples. Following this, ZQ-Attack initializes the adversarial perturbation with a scaled target command audio, rendering it relatively imperceptible while maintaining effectiveness. Subsequently, to achieve high transferability of adversarial perturbations, we propose a sequential ensemble optimization algorithm, which iteratively optimizes the adversarial perturbation on each surrogate model, leveraging collaborative information from other models. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate ZQ-Attack. In the over-the-line setting, ZQ-Attack achieves a 100% success rate of attack (SRoA) with an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21.91dB on 4 online speech recognition services, and attains an average SRoA of 100% and SNR of 19.67dB on 16 open-source ASRs. For commercial intelligent voice control devices, ZQ-Attack also achieves a 100% SRoA with an average SNR of 15.77dB in the over-the-air setting.

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