Cavity QED in a High NA Resonator

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04784v1
• Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2024 18:00:24 GMT
• Title: Cavity QED in a High NA Resonator
• Authors: Danial Shadmany, Aishwarya Kumar, Anna Soper, Lukas Palm, Chuan Yin, Henry Ando, Bowen Li, Lavanya Taneja, Matt Jaffe, David Schuster, Jon Simon,
• Abstract summary: A new numerical-aperture, lens-based resonator pushes the single-atom-single-photon absorption probability per round trip close to its fundamental limit. This resonator provides strong light-matter coupling in a cavity where the light circulates only 10 times.
• Score: 5.785011027356357
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: From fundamental studies of light-matter interaction to applications in quantum networking and sensing, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a platform-crossing toolbox to control interactions between atoms and photons. The coherence of such interactions is determined by the product of the single-pass atomic absorption and the number of photon round-trips. Reducing the cavity loss has enabled resonators supporting nearly 1-million optical roundtrips at the expense of severely limited optical material choices and increased alignment sensitivity. The single-pass absorption probability can be increased through the use of near-concentric, fiber or nanophotonic cavities, which reduce the mode waists at the expense of constrained optical access and exposure to surface fields. Here we present a new high numerical-aperture, lens-based resonator that pushes the single-atom-single-photon absorption probability per round trip close to its fundamental limit by reducing the mode size at the atom below a micron while keeping the atom mm-to-cm away from all optics. This resonator provides strong light-matter coupling in a cavity where the light circulates only ~ 10 times. We load a single 87Rb atom into such a cavity, observe strong coupling, demonstrate cavity-enhanced atom detection with imaging fidelity of 99.55(6) percent and survival probability of 99.89(4) percent in 130 microseconds, and leverage this new platform for a time-resolved exploration of cavity cooling. The resonator's loss-resilience paves the way to coupling of atoms to nonlinear and adaptive optical elements and provides a minimally invasive route to readout of defect centers. Introduction of intra-cavity imaging systems will enable the creation of cavity arrays compatible with Rydberg atom array computing technologies, vastly expanding the applicability of the cavity QED toolbox.

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