Observability and Predictability in Quantum and Post-Quantum Physics

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05828v1
• Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2024 17:05:01 GMT
• Title: Observability and Predictability in Quantum and Post-Quantum Physics
• Authors: Johannes Fankhauser,
• Abstract summary: I show that many quantum 'paradoxes' rest on ambiguous reasoning about the two domains. I formally define and address the question of whether quantum uncertainty could be fundamental. I argue that a partial proof for the impossibility of predictive advantage can be established for bi-partite quantum systems.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: I introduce a framework to distinguish two domains of physics - the manifest (i.e. the directly observable empirical records in terms of manifest configurations) and the non-manifest domain of physics (i.e. the things that the manifest configurations signify according to a physical theory). I show that many quantum 'paradoxes' rest on ambiguous reasoning about the two domains. More concretely, I study so-called 'surrealistic' trajectories, the 'delayed choice quantum eraser', and 'weak measurements'. Finally, I show how the alleged puzzles resolve in the framework provided. I then formally define and address the question of whether quantum uncertainty could be fundamental or whether post-quantum theories could have predictive advantage whilst conforming to the Born rule on average. This notion of what I call 'empirical completeness' refers to actual prediction-making beyond the Born probabilities, and thus delineates the operational notion of predictability from a 'hidden variable' programme in quantum theory. I study how empirical completeness connects to signal-locality, and argue that a partial proof for the impossibility of predictive advantage can be established for bi-partite quantum systems. The relevant results demonstrate signal-locality as a sufficient principle that might explain the fundamental chanciness in present and future quantum theories and, in turn, reconciles us to many quantum features as aspects of limits on Nature's predictability.

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