Nonlocal interaction and quantum friction in sliding Bi$_2$Se$_3$ topological surfaces

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.13163v4
• Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 13:47:51 GMT
• Title: Nonlocal interaction and quantum friction in sliding Bi$_2$Se$_3$ topological surfaces
• Authors: Feiyi Liu, Ming Guo, Mingyang Liu, Ruanjing Zhang, Yang Wang,
• Abstract summary: Topological insulator Bi$$Se$_3$ thin films exhibit unique electronic properties arising from their topologically protected surface states.<n>We study excitations and dissipation in two infinite parallel metallic plates undergoing relative motion.
• Score: 5.8562201529525275
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ thin films exhibit unique electronic properties arising from their topologically protected surface states. In a theoretical model capturing the essential physics of Dirac electrons in Bi$_2$Se$_3$, we study excitations and dissipation in two infinite parallel metallic plates undergoing relative motion. The degrees of freedom of the electrons in both plates are modeled using the 1+2 dimensional Dirac field, and a nonlocal potential is selected to describe the interaction between the two plates. The internal relative motion is introduced via a Galilean boost, with one plate assumed to slide relative to the other. We then calculate the effective action of the system and derive the vacuum occupation number in momentum space using a perturbative method. Numerical plots reveal that the vacuum occupation number, as a function of momentum, is isotropic for a motion speed $v = 0$ and anisotropic for nonzero $v$. The relative motion induces energy transfer between the plates, leading to on-shell excitations in a manner analogous to the dissipative process of the Schwinger effect. Consequently, we study the motion-induced dissipation effects and the dissipative forces through the quantum action. By using experimental Fermi velocities of Bi$_2$Se$_3$, our results demonstrate that both the imaginary part of the quantum action due to the motion boost and the dissipative force exhibit a threshold as functions of $v$, and both are positively correlated with $v$.

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