Spin-dependent exotic interactions

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15691v3
• Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2024 09:04:03 GMT
• Title: Spin-dependent exotic interactions
• Authors: Lei Cong, Wei Ji, Pavel Fadeev, Filip Ficek, Min Jiang, Victor V. Flambaum, Haosen Guan, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Mikhail G. Kozlov, Yevgeny V. Stadnik, Dmitry Budker,
• Abstract summary: Novel interactions beyond the four known fundamental forces in nature may arise due to "new physics" beyond the standard model, manifesting as a "fifth force" This review is focused on spin-dependent fifth forces mediated by exotic bosons such as spin-0 axions and axionlike particles and spin-1 Z' bosons, dark photons, or paraphotons.
• Score: 4.843592441369881
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Novel interactions beyond the four known fundamental forces in nature (electromagnetic, gravitational, strong and weak interactions), may arise due to "new physics" beyond the standard model, manifesting as a "fifth force". This review is focused on spin-dependent fifth forces mediated by exotic bosons such as spin-0 axions and axionlike particles and spin-1 Z' bosons, dark photons, or paraphotons. Many of these exotic bosons are candidates to explain the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and their interactions may violate fundamental symmetries. Spin-dependent interactions between fermions mediated by the exchange of exotic bosons have been investigated in a variety of experiments, particularly at the low-energy frontier. Experimental methods and tools used to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions, such as atomic comagnetometers, torsion balances, nitrogen-vacancy spin sensors, and precision atomic and molecular spectroscopy, are described. A complete set of interaction potentials, derived based on quantum field theory with minimal assumptions and characterized in terms of reduced coupling constants, are presented. A comprehensive summary of existing experimental and observational constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions is given, illustrating the current research landscape and promising directions of further research.

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