Large Language Models for Disease Diagnosis: A Scoping Review

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00097v1
• Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 02:06:45 GMT
• Title: Large Language Models for Disease Diagnosis: A Scoping Review
• Authors: Shuang Zhou, Zidu Xu, Mian Zhang, Chunpu Xu, Yawen Guo, Zaifu Zhan, Sirui Ding, Jiashuo Wang, Kaishuai Xu, Yi Fang, Liqiao Xia, Jeremy Yeung, Daochen Zha, Mingquan Lin, Rui Zhang,
• Abstract summary: The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence. Despite the growing attention in this field, many critical research questions remain under-explored. This scoping review examined the types of diseases, associated organ systems, relevant clinical data, LLM techniques, and evaluation methods reported in existing studies.
• Score: 29.498658795329977
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Automatic disease diagnosis has become increasingly valuable in clinical practice. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of LLMs in diagnostic tasks. Despite the growing attention in this field, many critical research questions remain under-explored. For instance, what diseases and LLM techniques have been investigated for diagnostic tasks? How can suitable LLM techniques and evaluation methods be selected for clinical decision-making? To answer these questions, we performed a comprehensive analysis of LLM-based methods for disease diagnosis. This scoping review examined the types of diseases, associated organ systems, relevant clinical data, LLM techniques, and evaluation methods reported in existing studies. Furthermore, we offered guidelines for data preprocessing and the selection of appropriate LLM techniques and evaluation strategies for diagnostic tasks. We also assessed the limitations of current research and delineated the challenges and future directions in this research field. In summary, our review outlined a blueprint for LLM-based disease diagnosis, helping to streamline and guide future research endeavors.

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