Hardware-efficient quantum error correction using concatenated bosonic qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13025v1
• Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 18:00:53 GMT
• Title: Hardware-efficient quantum error correction using concatenated bosonic qubits
• Authors: Harald Putterman, Kyungjoo Noh, Connor T. Hann, Gregory S. MacCabe, Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi, Rishi N. Patel, Menyoung Lee, William M. Jones, Hesam Moradinejad, Roberto Rodriguez, Neha Mahuli, Jefferson Rose, John Clai Owens, Harry Levine, Emma Rosenfeld, Philip Reinhold, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Joshua Ari Alcid, Nasser Alidoust, Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola, James Barnett, Przemyslaw Bienias, Hugh A. Carson, Cliff Chen, Li Chen, Harutiun Chinkezian, Eric M. Chisholm, Ming-Han Chou, Aashish Clerk, Andrew Clifford, R. Cosmic, Ana Valdes Curiel, Erik Davis, Laura DeLorenzo, J. Mitchell D'Ewart, Art Diky, Nathan D'Souza, Philipp T. Dumitrescu, Shmuel Eisenmann, Essam Elkhouly, Glen Evenbly, Michael T. Fang, Yawen Fang, Matthew J. Fling, Warren Fon, Gabriel Garcia, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Julia A. Grant, Mason J. Gray, Sebastian Grimberg, Arne L. Grimsmo, Arbel Haim, Justin Hand, Yuan He, Mike Hernandez, David Hover, Jimmy S. C. Hung, Matthew Hunt, Joe Iverson, Ignace Jarrige, Jean-Christophe Jaskula, Liang Jiang, Mahmoud Kalaee, Rassul Karabalin, Peter J. Karalekas, Andrew J. Keller, Amirhossein Khalajhedayati, Aleksander Kubica, Hanho Lee, Catherine Leroux, Simon Lieu, Victor Ly, Keven Villegas Madrigal, Guillaume Marcaud, Gavin McCabe, Cody Miles, Ashley Milsted, Joaquin Minguzzi, Anurag Mishra, Biswaroop Mukherjee, Mahdi Naghiloo, Eric Oblepias, Gerson Ortuno, Jason Pagdilao, Nicola Pancotti, Ashley Panduro, JP Paquette, Minje Park, Gregory A. Peairs, David Perello, Eric C. Peterson, Sophia Ponte, John Preskill, Johnson Qiao, Gil Refael, Rachel Resnick, Alex Retzker, Omar A. Reyna, Marc Runyan, Colm A. Ryan, Abdulrahman Sahmoud, Ernesto Sanchez, Rohan Sanil, Krishanu Sankar, Yuki Sato, Thomas Scaffidi, Salome Siavoshi, Prasahnt Sivarajah, Trenton Skogland, Chun-Ju Su, Loren J. Swenson, Stephanie M. Teo, Astrid Tomada, Giacomo Torlai, E. Alex Wollack, Yufeng Ye, Jessica A. Zerrudo, Kailing Zhang, Fernando G. S. L. Brandão, Matthew H. Matheny, Oskar Painter,
• Abstract summary: Quantum computers will need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold.
• Score: 41.6475446744259
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead typically associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance $d=5$. The bosonic cat qubits are passively protected against bit flips using a stabilizing circuit. Cat-qubit phase-flip errors are corrected by the repetition code which uses ancilla transmons for syndrome measurement. We realize a noise-biased CX gate which ensures bit-flip error suppression is maintained during error correction. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold, with logical phase-flip error decreasing with code distance from $d=3$ to $d=5$. Concurrently, the logical bit-flip error is suppressed with increasing cat-qubit mean photon number. The minimum measured logical error per cycle is on average $1.75(2)\%$ for the distance-3 code sections, and $1.65(3)\%$ for the longer distance-5 code, demonstrating the effectiveness of bit-flip error suppression throughout the error correction cycle. These results, where the intrinsic error suppression of the bosonic encodings allows us to use a hardware-efficient outer error correcting code, indicate that concatenated bosonic codes are a compelling paradigm for reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation.

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