Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.06431v2
• Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2022 16:58:42 GMT
• Title: Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit
• Authors: Rajeev Acharya, Igor Aleiner, Richard Allen, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Abraham Asfaw, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Dave Bacon, Joseph C. Bardin, Joao Basso, Andreas Bengtsson, Sergio Boixo, Gina Bortoli, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Leon Brill, Michael Broughton, Bob B. Buckley, David A. Buell, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Yu Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Josh Cogan, Roberto Collins, Paul Conner, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Dripto M. Debroy, Alexander Del Toro Barba, Sean Demura, Andrew Dunsworth, Daniel Eppens, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Edward Farhi, Reza Fatemi, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, William Giang, Craig Gidney, Dar Gilboa, Marissa Giustina, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Jonathan A. Gross, Steve Habegger, Michael C. Hamilton, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Oscar Higgott, Jeremy Hilton, Markus Hoffmann, Sabrina Hong, Trent Huang, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Lev B. Ioffe, Sergei V. Isakov, Justin Iveland, Evan Jeffrey, Zhang Jiang, Cody Jones, Pavol Juhas, Dvir Kafri, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Julian Kelly, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, M\'aria Kieferov\'a, Seon Kim, Alexei Kitaev, Paul V. Klimov, Andrey R. Klots, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, David Landhuis, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Lily Laws, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian J. Lester, Alexander Lill, Wayne Liu, Aditya Locharla, Erik Lucero, Fionn D. Malone, Jeffrey Marshall, Orion Martin, Jarrod R. McClean, Trevor Mccourt, Matt McEwen, Anthony Megrant, Bernardo Meurer Costa, Xiao Mi, Kevin C. Miao, Masoud Mohseni, Shirin Montazeri, Alexis Morvan, Emily Mount, Wojciech Mruczkiewicz, Ofer Naaman, Matthew Neeley, Charles Neill, Ani Nersisyan, Hartmut Neven, Michael Newman, Jiun How Ng, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Thomas E. O'Brien, Alex Opremcak, John Platt, Andre Petukhov, Rebecca Potter, Leonid P. Pryadko, Chris Quintana, Pedram Roushan, Nicholas C. Rubin, Negar Saei, Daniel Sank, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Kevin J. Satzinger, Henry F. Schurkus, Christopher Schuster, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Vladimir Shvarts, Jindra Skruzny, Vadim Smelyanskiy, W. Clarke Smith, George Sterling, Doug Strain, Marco Szalay, Alfredo Torres, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Theodore White, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Juhwan Yoo, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu
• Abstract summary: We report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across multiple code sizes. Our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. Results mark the first experimental demonstration where quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number.
• Score: 147.2624260358795
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, where increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low in order for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here, we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across multiple code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, both in terms of logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ($2.914\%\pm 0.016\%$ compared to $3.028\%\pm 0.023\%$). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a $1.7\times10^{-6}$ logical error per round floor set by a single high-energy event ($1.6\times10^{-7}$ when excluding this event). We are able to accurately model our experiment, and from this model we can extract error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark the first experimental demonstration where quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation.

Related papers

• Hardware-efficient quantum error correction using concatenated bosonic qubits [41.6475446744259]
  Quantum computers will need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-09-19T18:00:53Z)
• Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold [107.92016014248976]
  Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit. We present two surface code memories operating below a critical threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-08-24T23:08:50Z)
• Demonstration of logical qubits and repeated error correction with better-than-physical error rates [0.0]
  We present experiments on a trapped-ion QCCD processor where, through the use of fault-tolerant encoding and error correction, we are able to suppress logical error rates to levels below the physical error rates. Results signify an important transition from noisy intermediate scale quantum computing to reliable quantum computing.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-04-02T20:14:13Z)
• Fast Flux-Activated Leakage Reduction for Superconducting Quantum Circuits [84.60542868688235]
  leakage out of the computational subspace arising from the multi-level structure of qubit implementations. We present a resource-efficient universal leakage reduction unit for superconducting qubits using parametric flux modulation. We demonstrate that using the leakage reduction unit in repeated weight-two stabilizer measurements reduces the total number of detected errors in a scalable fashion.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-09-13T16:21:32Z)
• Model-based Optimization of Superconducting Qubit Readout [59.992881941624965]
  We demonstrate model-based readout optimization for superconducting qubits. We observe 1.5% error per qubit with a 500ns end-to-end duration and minimal excess reset error from residual resonator photons. This technique can scale to hundreds of qubits and be used to enhance the performance of error-correcting codes and near-term applications.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-08-03T23:30:56Z)
• Quantum computation on a 19-qubit wide 2d nearest neighbour qubit array [59.24209911146749]
  This paper explores the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds. We engineer an error bias at the lowest level of encoding using the surface code. We then address this bias at a higher level of encoding using a lattice-surgery surface code bus.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-12-03T06:16:07Z)
• Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays [3.575043595126111]
  We propose a qubit encoding and gate protocol for $171$Yb neutral atom qubits that converts the dominant physical errors into erasures. We estimate that 98% of errors can be converted into erasures.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-01-10T18:56:31Z)
• Exponential suppression of bit or phase flip errors with repetitive error correction [56.362599585843085]
  State-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near $10-3$. Quantum error correction (QEC) promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits. We implement 1D repetition codes embedded in a 2D grid of superconducting qubits which demonstrate exponential suppression of bit or phase-flip errors.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-02-11T17:11:20Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.