Hard Quantum Extrapolations in Quantum Cryptography

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16516v2
• Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2024 06:33:50 GMT
• Title: Hard Quantum Extrapolations in Quantum Cryptography
• Authors: Luowen Qian, Justin Raizes, Mark Zhandry,
• Abstract summary: We study the quantum analogues of the universal extrapolation task. We show that it is hard if quantum commitments exist, and it is easy for quantum space.
• Score: 9.214658764451348
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Although one-way functions are well-established as the minimal primitive for classical cryptography, a minimal primitive for quantum cryptography is still unclear. Universal extrapolation, first considered by Impagliazzo and Levin (1990), is hard if and only if one-way functions exist. Towards better understanding minimal assumptions for quantum cryptography, we study the quantum analogues of the universal extrapolation task. Specifically, we put forth the classical$\rightarrow$quantum extrapolation task, where we ask to extrapolate the rest of a bipartite pure state given the first register measured in the computational basis. We then use it as a key component to establish new connections in quantum cryptography: (a) quantum commitments exist if classical$\rightarrow$quantum extrapolation is hard; and (b) classical$\rightarrow$quantum extrapolation is hard if any of the following cryptographic primitives exists: quantum public-key cryptography (such as quantum money and signatures) with a classical public key or 2-message quantum key distribution protocols. For future work, we further generalize the extrapolation task and propose a fully quantum analogue. We show that it is hard if quantum commitments exist, and it is easy for quantum polynomial space.

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