A Fresh Look at Generalized Category Discovery through Non-negative Matrix Factorization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21807v2
• Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2024 01:34:11 GMT
• Title: A Fresh Look at Generalized Category Discovery through Non-negative Matrix Factorization
• Authors: Zhong Ji, Shuo Yang, Jingren Liu, Yanwei Pang, Jungong Han,
• Abstract summary: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to classify both base and novel images using labeled base data. Current approaches inadequately address the intrinsic optimization of the co-occurrence matrix $barA$ based on cosine similarity. We propose a Non-Negative Generalized Category Discovery (NN-GCD) framework to address these deficiencies.
• Score: 83.12938977698988
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• Abstract: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to classify both base and novel images using labeled base data. However, current approaches inadequately address the intrinsic optimization of the co-occurrence matrix $\bar{A}$ based on cosine similarity, failing to achieve zero base-novel regions and adequate sparsity in base and novel domains. To address these deficiencies, we propose a Non-Negative Generalized Category Discovery (NN-GCD) framework. It employs Symmetric Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) as a mathematical medium to prove the equivalence of optimal K-means with optimal SNMF, and the equivalence of SNMF solver with non-negative contrastive learning (NCL) optimization. Utilizing these theoretical equivalences, it reframes the optimization of $\bar{A}$ and K-means clustering as an NCL optimization problem. Moreover, to satisfy the non-negative constraints and make a GCD model converge to a near-optimal region, we propose a GELU activation function and an NMF NCE loss. To transition $\bar{A}$ from a suboptimal state to the desired $\bar{A}^*$, we introduce a hybrid sparse regularization approach to impose sparsity constraints. Experimental results show NN-GCD outperforms state-of-the-art methods on GCD benchmarks, achieving an average accuracy of 66.1\% on the Semantic Shift Benchmark, surpassing prior counterparts by 4.7\%.

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