Ideological Fragmentation of the Social Media Ecosystem: From echo chambers to echo platforms

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16826v2
• Date: Wed, 04 Jun 2025 13:07:39 GMT
• Title: Ideological Fragmentation of the Social Media Ecosystem: From echo chambers to echo platforms
• Authors: Edoardo Di Martino, Alessandro Galeazzi, Michele Starnini, Walter Quattrociocchi, Matteo Cinelli,
• Abstract summary: We analyze 117 million posts related to the 2020 US Presidential elections from nine social media platforms.<n>Our findings reveal significant differences among platforms in their centrality within the ecosystem.<n>These results highlight the key dimensions shaping the fragmentation and polarization of the social media landscape.
• Score: 39.58317527488534
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The entertainment-driven nature of social media encourages users to engage with like-minded individuals and consume content aligned with their beliefs, limiting exposure to diverse perspectives. Simultaneously, users migrate between platforms, either due to moderation policies like de-platforming or in search of environments better suited to their preferences. These dynamics drive the specialization of the social media ecosystem, shifting from internal echo chambers to "echo platforms"--entire platforms functioning as ideologically homogeneous niches. To systematically analyze this phenomenon in political discussions, we propose a quantitative approach based on three key dimensions: platform centrality, news consumption, and user base composition. We analyze 117 million posts related to the 2020 US Presidential elections from nine social media platforms--Facebook, Reddit, Twitter, YouTube, BitChute, Gab, Parler, Scored, and Voat. Our findings reveal significant differences among platforms in their centrality within the ecosystem, the reliability of circulated news, and the ideological diversity of their users, highlighting a clear divide between mainstream and alt-tech platforms. The latter occupy a peripheral role, feature a higher prevalence of unreliable content, and exhibit greater ideological uniformity. These results highlight the key dimensions shaping the fragmentation and polarization of the social media landscape.

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