Evaluating LLM Abilities to Understand Tabular Electronic Health Records: A Comprehensive Study of Patient Data Extraction and Retrieval

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09384v1
• Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2025 08:52:50 GMT
• Title: Evaluating LLM Abilities to Understand Tabular Electronic Health Records: A Comprehensive Study of Patient Data Extraction and Retrieval
• Authors: Jesus Lovon, Martin Mouysset, Jo Oleiwan, Jose G. Moreno, Christine Damase-Michel, Lynda Tamine,
• Abstract summary: We conduct experiments using the MIMIC dataset to explore the impact of the prompt structure, instruction, context, and demonstration. Our findings show that optimal feature selection and serialization methods can enhance task performance by up to 26.79%. In-context learning setups with relevant example selection improve data extraction performance by 5.95%.
• Score: 1.986227187900497
• License:
• Abstract: Electronic Health Record (EHR) tables pose unique challenges among which is the presence of hidden contextual dependencies between medical features with a high level of data dimensionality and sparsity. This study presents the first investigation into the abilities of LLMs to comprehend EHRs for patient data extraction and retrieval. We conduct extensive experiments using the MIMICSQL dataset to explore the impact of the prompt structure, instruction, context, and demonstration, of two backbone LLMs, Llama2 and Meditron, based on task performance. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, our findings show that optimal feature selection and serialization methods can enhance task performance by up to 26.79% compared to naive approaches. Similarly, in-context learning setups with relevant example selection improve data extraction performance by 5.95%. Based on our study findings, we propose guidelines that we believe would help the design of LLM-based models to support health search.

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