A thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network traversing 4 K

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01133v1
• Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2025 03:28:37 GMT
• Title: A thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network traversing 4 K
• Authors: Jiawei Qiu, Zihao Zhang, Zilin Wang, Libo Zhang, Yuxuan Zhou, Xuandong Sun, Jiawei Zhang, Xiayu Linpeng, Song Liu, Jingjing Niu, Youpeng Zhong, Dapeng Yu,
• Abstract summary: Quantum communication at microwave frequencies has been constrained by the susceptibility of microwave photons to thermal noise.<n>We demonstrate a thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network that establishes coherent coupling between two superconducting qubits.<n>Our architecture overcomes the temperature-compatibility barrier for microwave quantum systems.
• Score: 17.366070623028758
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum communication at microwave frequencies has been fundamentally constrained by the susceptibility of microwave photons to thermal noise, hindering their application in scalable quantum networks. Here we demonstrate a thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network that establishes coherent coupling between two superconducting qubits through a 4 K thermalized niobium-titanium transmission line. By overcoupling the communication channel to a cold load at 10 mK, we suppress the effective thermal occupancy of the channel to 0.06 photons through radiative cooling -- a two-order-of-magnitude reduction below ambient thermal noise. We then decouple the cold load and rapidly transfer microwave quantum states through the channel while it rethermalizes, achieving a 58.5% state transfer fidelity and a 52.3% Bell entanglement fidelity, both exceeding the classical communication threshold. Our architecture overcomes the temperature-compatibility barrier for microwave quantum systems, providing a scalable framework for distributed quantum computing and enabling hybrid quantum networks with higher-temperature semiconductor or photonic platforms.

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