A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Large Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01854v1
• Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 12:46:14 GMT
• Title: A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Large Language Models
• Authors: Jiahui Geng, Qing Li, Herbert Woisetschlaeger, Zongxiong Chen, Yuxia Wang, Preslav Nakov, Hans-Arno Jacobsen, Fakhri Karray,
• Abstract summary: This study investigates the machine unlearning techniques within the context of large language models (LLMs)<n>LLMs unlearning offers a principled approach to removing the influence of undesirable data from LLMs.<n>Despite growing research interest, there is no comprehensive survey that systematically organizes existing work and distills key insights.
• Score: 36.601209595620446
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: This study investigates the machine unlearning techniques within the context of large language models (LLMs), referred to as \textit{LLM unlearning}. LLM unlearning offers a principled approach to removing the influence of undesirable data (e.g., sensitive or illegal information) from LLMs, while preserving their overall utility without requiring full retraining. Despite growing research interest, there is no comprehensive survey that systematically organizes existing work and distills key insights; here, we aim to bridge this gap. We begin by introducing the definition and the paradigms of LLM unlearning, followed by a comprehensive taxonomy of existing unlearning studies. Next, we categorize current unlearning approaches, summarizing their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we review evaluation metrics and benchmarks, providing a structured overview of current assessment methodologies. Finally, we outline promising directions for future research, highlighting key challenges and opportunities in the field.

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