Will Neural Scaling Laws Activate Jevons' Paradox in AI Labor Markets? A Time-Varying Elasticity of Substitution (VES) Analysis

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05816v1
• Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2025 16:55:30 GMT
• Title: Will Neural Scaling Laws Activate Jevons' Paradox in AI Labor Markets? A Time-Varying Elasticity of Substitution (VES) Analysis
• Authors: Rajesh P. Narayanan, R. Kelley Pace,
• Abstract summary: We develop a model connecting AI development to labor substitution through four key mechanisms.<n>This work provides a simple framework to help assess the economic reasoning behind industry claims that AI will increasingly substitute for human labor.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: AI industry leaders often use the term ``Jevons' Paradox.'' We explore the significance of this term for artificial intelligence adoption through a time-varying elasticity of substitution framework. We develop a model connecting AI development to labor substitution through four key mechanisms: (1) increased effective computational capacity from both hardware and algorithmic improvements; (2) AI capabilities that rise logarithmically with computation following established neural scaling laws; (3) declining marginal computational costs leading to lower AI prices through competitive pressure; and (4) a resulting increase in the elasticity of substitution between AI and human labor over time. Our time-varying elasticity of substitution (VES) framework, incorporating the G\o rtz identity, yields analytical conditions for market transformation dynamics. This work provides a simple framework to help assess the economic reasoning behind industry claims that AI will increasingly substitute for human labor across diverse economic sectors.

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