Prethermalization by Random Multipolar Driving on a 78-Qubit Superconducting Processor

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21553v2
• Date: Tue, 01 Apr 2025 11:23:17 GMT
• Title: Prethermalization by Random Multipolar Driving on a 78-Qubit Superconducting Processor
• Authors: Zheng-He Liu, Yu Liu, Gui-Han Liang, Cheng-Lin Deng, Keyang Chen, Yun-Hao Shi, Tian-Ming Li, Lv Zhang, Bing-Jie Chen, Cai-Ping Fang, Da'er Feng, Xu-Yang Gu, Yang He, Kaixuan Huang, Hao Li, Hao-Tian Liu, Li Li, Zheng-Yang Mei, Zhen-Yu Peng, Jia-Cheng Song, Ming-Chuan Wang, Shuai-Li Wang, Ziting Wang, Yongxi Xiao, Minke Xu, Yue-Shan Xu, Yu Yan, Yi-Han Yu, Wei-Ping Yuan, Jia-Chi Zhang, Jun-Jie Zhao, Kui Zhao, Si-Yun Zhou, Zheng-An Wang, Xiaohui Song, Ye Tian, Florian Mintert, Johannes Knolle, Roderich Moessner, Yu-Ran Zhang, Pan Zhang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Dongning Zheng, Kai Xu, Hongzheng Zhao, Heng Fan,
• Abstract summary: We report the experimental observation of long-lived prethermal phases in many-body systems with tunable heating rates.<n>With 78 qubits and 137 couplers in a 2D configuration, the entire far-from-equilibrium heating dynamics are beyond the reach of simulation.
• Score: 26.669957183525817
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Time-dependent drives hold the promise of realizing non-equilibrium many-body phenomena that are absent in undriven systems. Yet, drive-induced heating normally destabilizes the systems, which can be parametrically suppressed in the high-frequency regime by using periodic (Floquet) drives. It remains largely unknown to what extent highly controllable quantum simulators can suppress heating in non-periodically driven systems. Using the 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0, we report the experimental observation of long-lived prethermal phases in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, characterized by $n$-multipolar temporal correlations. By measuring both the particle imbalance and subsystem entanglement entropy, we monitor the entire heating process over 1,000 driving cycles and observe the existence of the prethermal plateau. The prethermal lifetime is `doubly tunable': one way by driving frequency, the other by multipolar order; it grows algebraically with the frequency with the universal scaling exponent $2n{+}1$. Using quantum state tomography on different subsystems, we demonstrate a non-uniform spatial entanglement distribution and observe a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement scaling. With 78 qubits and 137 couplers in a 2D configuration, the entire far-from-equilibrium heating dynamics are beyond the reach of simulation using tensor-network numerical techniques. Our work highlights superconducting quantum processors as a powerful platform for exploring universal scaling laws and non-equilibrium phases of matter in driven systems in regimes where classical simulation faces formidable challenges.

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