Multi-Dimensional AGV Path Planning in 3D Warehouses Using Ant Colony Optimization and Advanced Neural Networks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01985v1
• Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 14:09:21 GMT
• Title: Multi-Dimensional AGV Path Planning in 3D Warehouses Using Ant Colony Optimization and Advanced Neural Networks
• Abstract summary: This paper introduces a novel AGV path planning approach for 3D warehouse environments that leverages a hybrid framework combining ACO and deep learning models.<n>NAHACO significantly boosts path planning efficiency, yielding faster computation times and superior performance over both vanilla and stateof-the-art methods.<n>In warehouse tests, NAHACO cuts cost by up to 41.5% and congestion by up to 56.1% compared to previous methods.
• Score: 4.517879416915767
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Within modern warehouse scenarios, the rapid expansion of e-commerce and increasingly complex, multi-level storage environments have exposed the limitations of traditional AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) path planning methods--often reliant on static 2D models and expert-tuned heuristics that struggle to handle dynamic traffic and congestion. Addressing these limitations, this paper introduces a novel AGV path planning approach for 3D warehouse environments that leverages a hybrid framework combining ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) with deep learning models, called NAHACO (Neural Adaptive Heuristic Ant Colony Optimization). NAHACO integrates three key innovations: first, an innovative heuristic algorithm for 3D warehouse cargo modeling using multidimensional tensors, which addresses the challenge of achieving superior heuristic accuracy; second, integration of a congestion-aware loss function within the ACO framework to adjust path costs based on traffic and capacity constraints, called CARL (Congestion-Aware Reinforce Loss), enabling dynamic heuristic calibration for optimizing ACO-based path planning; and third, an adaptive attention mechanism that captures multi-scale spatial features, thereby addressing dynamic heuristic calibration for further optimization of ACO-based path planning and AGV navigation. NAHACO significantly boosts path planning efficiency, yielding faster computation times and superior performance over both vanilla and state-of-the-art methods, while automatically adapting to warehouse constraints for real-time optimization. NAHACO outperforms state-of-the-art methods, lowering the total cost by up to 24.7% on TSP benchmarks. In warehouse tests, NAHACO cuts cost by up to 41.5% and congestion by up to 56.1% compared to previous methods.

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