Robust High-Fidelity Quantum Entanglement Distribution over Large-Scale Metropolitan Fiber Networks with Co-propagating Classical Signals

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08927v1
• Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2025 19:15:12 GMT
• Title: Robust High-Fidelity Quantum Entanglement Distribution over Large-Scale Metropolitan Fiber Networks with Co-propagating Classical Signals
• Authors: Matheus Sena, Mael Flament, Shane Andrewski, Ioannis Caltzidis, Niccolò Bigagli, Thomas Rieser, Gabriel Bello Portmann, Rourke Sekelsky, Ralf-Peter Braun, Alexander N. Craddock, Maximilian Schulz, Klaus D. Jöns, Michaela Ritter, Marc Geitz, Oliver Holschke, Mehdi Namazi,
• Abstract summary: We demonstrate a real-world scalable quantum networking testbed deployed within Deutsche Telekom's metropolitan fibers in Berlin.<n>We distribute polarization-entangled photon pairs over dynamically selectable fiber paths ranging from 10 m to 82 km.<n>We achieve entanglement fidelities between 85-99% and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt parameter S-values between 2.36-2.74 during continuous multiday operation.
• Score: 29.022059678766013
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising unprecedented capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale quantum networks is the integration of entanglement distribution within existing telecommunication infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate a real-world scalable quantum networking testbed deployed within Deutsche Telekom's metropolitan fibers in Berlin. Using commercially available quantum devices and standard add-drop multiplexing hardware, we distribute polarization-entangled photon pairs over dynamically selectable fiber paths ranging from 10 m to 82 km. Quantum signals, transmitted at 1324 nm (O-band), coexist with conventional bidirectional C-band traffic without dedicated fibers or infrastructure changes. Active stabilization of the polarization enables robust long-term performance, achieving entanglement fidelities between 85-99% and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt parameter S-values between 2.36-2.74 during continuous multiday operation. By achieving high-fidelity entanglement distribution under real urban conditions with less than 1% downtime, we confirm the feasibility of hybrid quantum-classical networks under real-world conditions at metropolitan scale. These results establish deployment benchmarks and provide a practical roadmap for telecom operators to integrate quantum capabilities.

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