Markovian dissipation can stabilize a (localization) quantum phase transition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22721v1
• Date: Wed, 28 May 2025 18:00:01 GMT
• Title: Markovian dissipation can stabilize a (localization) quantum phase transition
• Authors: Naushad A. Kamar, Mostafa Ali, Mohammad Maghrebi,
• Abstract summary: We present a nontrivial quantum phase transition stabilized, rather than destroyed, by Markovian dissipation.<n>We show that the steady state exhibits a localization phase transition where the spin's dynamics is frozen.<n>The latter is not simply a dark state of dissipation but rather emerges from a nontrivial renormalization of the spin dynamics by low-frequency bosonic modes.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum phase transitions are a cornerstone of many-body physics at low temperatures but have remained elusive far from equilibrium. Driven open quantum systems -- a prominent non-equilibrium platform where coherent dynamics competes with Markovian dissipation from the environment -- often exhibit an effective classical behavior. In this work, we present a nontrivial quantum phase transition that is stabilized, rather than destroyed, by Markovian dissipation. We consider a variant of the paradigmatic spin-boson model where the spin is driven and bosons are subject to Markovian loss proportional to frequency (hence, vanishing at low frequencies). We show that the steady state exhibits a localization phase transition where the spin's dynamics is frozen, to be contrasted with the ground-state transition in the absence of dissipation. Furthermore, this transition occurs when the steady state becomes pure. The latter is not simply a dark state of dissipation but rather emerges from a nontrivial renormalization of the spin dynamics by low-frequency bosonic modes. Our work provides a nontrivial example where quantumness, typically reserved for ground states, also emerges in dynamical settings, with potential applications in quantum computation.

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