Evaluating LLMs Across Multi-Cognitive Levels: From Medical Knowledge Mastery to Scenario-Based Problem Solving

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08349v1
• Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2025 02:07:33 GMT
• Title: Evaluating LLMs Across Multi-Cognitive Levels: From Medical Knowledge Mastery to Scenario-Based Problem Solving
• Authors: Yuxuan Zhou, Xien Liu, Chenwei Yan, Chen Ning, Xiao Zhang, Boxun Li, Xiangling Fu, Shijin Wang, Guoping Hu, Yu Wang, Ji Wu,
• Abstract summary: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various medical benchmarks.<n>But their capabilities across different cognitive levels remain underexplored.<n>We propose a multi-cognitive-level evaluation framework for assessing LLMs in the medical domain.
• Score: 18.815592287807394
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various medical benchmarks, but their capabilities across different cognitive levels remain underexplored. Inspired by Bloom's Taxonomy, we propose a multi-cognitive-level evaluation framework for assessing LLMs in the medical domain in this study. The framework integrates existing medical datasets and introduces tasks targeting three cognitive levels: preliminary knowledge grasp, comprehensive knowledge application, and scenario-based problem solving. Using this framework, we systematically evaluate state-of-the-art general and medical LLMs from six prominent families: Llama, Qwen, Gemma, Phi, GPT, and DeepSeek. Our findings reveal a significant performance decline as cognitive complexity increases across evaluated models, with model size playing a more critical role in performance at higher cognitive levels. Our study highlights the need to enhance LLMs' medical capabilities at higher cognitive levels and provides insights for developing LLMs suited to real-world medical applications.

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