KokushiMD-10: Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Ten Japanese National Healthcare Licensing Examinations

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11114v1
• Date: Mon, 09 Jun 2025 02:26:02 GMT
• Title: KokushiMD-10: Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Ten Japanese National Healthcare Licensing Examinations
• Authors: Junyu Liu, Kaiqi Yan, Tianyang Wang, Qian Niu, Momoko Nagai-Tanima, Tomoki Aoyama,
• Abstract summary: KokushiMD-10 is the first multimodal benchmark constructed from ten Japanese national healthcare licensing exams.<n>This benchmark spans multiple fields, including Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, and allied health professions.<n>It contains over 11588 real exam questions, incorporating clinical images and expert-annotated rationales to evaluate both textual and visual reasoning.
• Score: 6.453078564406654
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable performance in medical licensing exams. However, comprehensive evaluation of LLMs across various healthcare roles, particularly in high-stakes clinical scenarios, remains a challenge. Existing benchmarks are typically text-based, English-centric, and focus primarily on medicines, which limits their ability to assess broader healthcare knowledge and multimodal reasoning. To address these gaps, we introduce KokushiMD-10, the first multimodal benchmark constructed from ten Japanese national healthcare licensing exams. This benchmark spans multiple fields, including Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, and allied health professions. It contains over 11588 real exam questions, incorporating clinical images and expert-annotated rationales to evaluate both textual and visual reasoning. We benchmark over 30 state-of-the-art LLMs, including GPT-4o, Claude 3.5, and Gemini, across both text and image-based settings. Despite promising results, no model consistently meets passing thresholds across domains, highlighting the ongoing challenges in medical AI. KokushiMD-10 provides a comprehensive and linguistically grounded resource for evaluating and advancing reasoning-centric medical AI across multilingual and multimodal clinical tasks.

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