Diagnosing 2D symmetry protected topological states via mixed state anomaly

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13096v1
• Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2025 05:00:03 GMT
• Title: Diagnosing 2D symmetry protected topological states via mixed state anomaly
• Authors: Chao Xu, Yunlong Zang, Yixin Ma, Yingfei Gu, Shenghan Jiang,
• Abstract summary: We show that the edge anomaly is not only in the entanglement spectrum but also in the reduced density matrix itself, a phenomenon we refer to as the mixed state anomaly.<n>We show that this anomaly is subtly encoded in symmetry-twisted mixed states, leading to a topological contribution to the disorder beyond the area law.
• Score: 4.383391491104685
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases are short-range entangled quantum states characterized by anomalous edge behavior, a manifestation of the bulk-boundary correspondence for topological phases. Moreover, the Li-Haldane conjecture posits that the entanglement spectrum exhibits the same anomaly as the physical edge spectrum, thereby serving as an entanglement-based fingerprint for identifying topological phases. In this work, we extend the entanglement-based diagnostic tools by demonstrating that the edge anomaly is manifested not only in the entanglement spectrum but also in the reduced density matrix itself, a phenomenon we refer to as the mixed state anomaly. Focusing on the two-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ SPT phase, we show that this anomaly is subtly encoded in symmetry-twisted mixed states, leading to a topological contribution to the disorder parameter beyond the area law, as well as a spontaneous-symmetry-breaking type long-range order when time reversal symmetry is present.

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