The Metaphysics of Protection: Emergence, Agency, and the Ontological Status of Logical Qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00023v1
• Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:06:18 GMT
• Title: The Metaphysics of Protection: Emergence, Agency, and the Ontological Status of Logical Qubits
• Abstract summary: We argue that the practice of fault-tolerant quantum computation offers a profoundly new lens through which to examine foundational questions.<n>We argue that the logical qubit presents a unique case study in the metaphysics of identity, functioning as a quantifiable "Ship of Theseus" in Hilbert space.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: This paper argues that the practice of fault-tolerant quantum computation, specifically the mechanism of Quantum Error Correction (QEC), offers a profoundly new lens through which to examine foundational questions of ontology, emergence, and interpretation. We move beyond the standard debate on quantum speedup to ask: What is the nature of the entity--the logical qubit--that is being protected, and what does the active, goal-directed process of its protection reveal about physical reality? We argue that the logical qubit presents a unique case study in the metaphysics of identity, functioning as a quantifiable "Ship of Theseus" in Hilbert space. We introduce the concept of "engineered emergence" to describe the active, information-driven stabilization of the logical qubit, distinguishing it from passive forms of emergence and positioning it as a new category of causal structure. Finally, we demonstrate that the logical qubit serves as a powerful new testbed for major interpretations of quantum mechanics (including agent-centered, Many-Worlds, and Bohmian views), revealing novel strengths and challenges for each. We conclude that the technological imperative of fault-tolerance is not merely an engineering problem but a catalyst for deep philosophical insight, transforming abstract debates into concrete physical questions.

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