Bridging Brains and Machines: A Unified Frontier in Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuromorphic Systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10722v1
• Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2025 18:43:05 GMT
• Title: Bridging Brains and Machines: A Unified Frontier in Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuromorphic Systems
• Authors: Sohan Shankar, Yi Pan, Hanqi Jiang, Zhengliang Liu, Mohammad R. Darbandi, Agustin Lorenzo, Junhao Chen, Md Mehedi Hasan, Arif Hassan Zidan, Eliana Gelman, Joshua A. Konfrst, Jillian Y. Russell, Katelyn Fernandes, Tianze Yang, Yiwei Li, Huaqin Zhao, Afrar Jahin, Triparna Ganguly, Shair Dinesha, Yifan Zhou, Zihao Wu, Xinliang Li, Lokesh Adusumilli, Aziza Hussein, Sagar Nookarapu, Jixin Hou, Kun Jiang, Jiaxi Li, Brenden Heinel, XianShen Xi, Hailey Hubbard, Zayna Khan, Levi Whitaker, Ivan Cao, Max Allgaier, Andrew Darby, Lin Zhao, Lu Zhang, Xiaoqiao Wang, Xiang Li, Wei Zhang, Xiaowei Yu, Dajiang Zhu, Yohannes Abate, Tianming Liu,
• Abstract summary: This position and survey paper identifies the emerging convergence of neuroscience, artificial general intelligence, and neuromorphic computing.<n>We highlight how synaptic plasticity, sparse spike-based communication, and multimodal association provide design principles for next-generation AGI systems.<n>We discuss emerging physical substrates capable of breaking the von Neumann bottleneck to achieve brain-scale efficiency in silicon.
• Score: 30.78088656917387
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: This position and survey paper identifies the emerging convergence of neuroscience, artificial general intelligence (AGI), and neuromorphic computing toward a unified research paradigm. Using a framework grounded in brain physiology, we highlight how synaptic plasticity, sparse spike-based communication, and multimodal association provide design principles for next-generation AGI systems that potentially combine both human and machine intelligences. The review traces this evolution from early connectionist models to state-of-the-art large language models, demonstrating how key innovations like transformer attention, foundation-model pre-training, and multi-agent architectures mirror neurobiological processes like cortical mechanisms, working memory, and episodic consolidation. We then discuss emerging physical substrates capable of breaking the von Neumann bottleneck to achieve brain-scale efficiency in silicon: memristive crossbars, in-memory compute arrays, and emerging quantum and photonic devices. There are four critical challenges at this intersection: 1) integrating spiking dynamics with foundation models, 2) maintaining lifelong plasticity without catastrophic forgetting, 3) unifying language with sensorimotor learning in embodied agents, and 4) enforcing ethical safeguards in advanced neuromorphic autonomous systems. This combined perspective across neuroscience, computation, and hardware offers an integrative agenda for in each of these fields.

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