ST-SAM: SAM-Driven Self-Training Framework for Semi-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23307v1
• Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 07:41:30 GMT
• Title: ST-SAM: SAM-Driven Self-Training Framework for Semi-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection
• Authors: Xihang Hu, Fuming Sun, Jiazhe Liu, Feilong Xu, Xiaoli Zhang,
• Abstract summary: Semi-supervised Camouflaged Object Detection (SSCOD) aims to reduce reliance on costly pixel-level annotations.<n>Existing SSCOD methods suffer from severe prediction bias and error propagation under scarce supervision.<n>We propose ST-SAM, a highly annotation-efficient yet concise framework.
• Score: 14.06736878203419
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Semi-supervised Camouflaged Object Detection (SSCOD) aims to reduce reliance on costly pixel-level annotations by leveraging limited annotated data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing SSCOD methods based on Teacher-Student frameworks suffer from severe prediction bias and error propagation under scarce supervision, while their multi-network architectures incur high computational overhead and limited scalability. To overcome these limitations, we propose ST-SAM, a highly annotation-efficient yet concise framework that breaks away from conventional SSCOD constraints. Specifically, ST-SAM employs Self-Training strategy that dynamically filters and expands high-confidence pseudo-labels to enhance a single-model architecture, thereby fundamentally circumventing inter-model prediction bias. Furthermore, by transforming pseudo-labels into hybrid prompts containing domain-specific knowledge, ST-SAM effectively harnesses the Segment Anything Model's potential for specialized tasks to mitigate error accumulation in self-training. Experiments on COD benchmark datasets demonstrate that ST-SAM achieves state-of-the-art performance with only 1\% labeled data, outperforming existing SSCOD methods and even matching fully supervised methods. Remarkably, ST-SAM requires training only a single network, without relying on specific models or loss functions. This work establishes a new paradigm for annotation-efficient SSCOD. Codes will be available at https://github.com/hu-xh/ST-SAM.

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