Information Transport in Classical-Quantum Hybrid System

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07870v2
• Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2025 21:01:10 GMT
• Title: Information Transport in Classical-Quantum Hybrid System
• Authors: Julian Rapp, Radhika H. Joshi, Alwin van Steensel, Yuli V. Nazarov, Mohammad H. Ansari,
• Abstract summary: Many important quantities in quantum information science, such as entropy and entanglement, are non-linear functions of the density matrix.<n>Standard open-system approaches evolve only a single copy of the density matrix, making it impossible to track the dynamics of such quantities.<n>Here, we extend this approach to strong coupling between a quantum system and classical environments.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Many important quantities in quantum information science, such as entropy and entanglement, are non-linear functions of the density matrix and cannot be expressed as operator observables. Standard open-system approaches evolve only a single copy of the density matrix, making it impossible to track the dynamics of such quantities. A formalism proposed by some of the present authors addressed this challenge by evolving multiple virtual replicas, but was limited to the weak-coupling regime. Here, we extend this approach to strong coupling between a quantum system and classical environments. The resulting multi-replica master equation enables direct evaluation of entropy flow and related metrics in strongly hybridized quantum-classical systems. Our results show that quantum coherence and hybridization jointly suppress net entropy transfer, creating a thermodynamic bottleneck. This framework provides a general tool for studying entropy dynamics and guiding the design of more robust, resource-efficient quantum hardware.

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