Mol-R1: Towards Explicit Long-CoT Reasoning in Molecule Discovery

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08401v1
• Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2025 18:50:05 GMT
• Title: Mol-R1: Towards Explicit Long-CoT Reasoning in Molecule Discovery
• Authors: Jiatong Li, Weida Wang, Qinggang Zhang, Junxian Li, Di Zhang, Changmeng Zheng, Shufei Zhang, Xiaoyong Wei, Qing Li,
• Abstract summary: Mol-R1 is a novel framework designed to improve explainability and reasoning performance of R1-like Explicit Long-CoT reasoning models in text-based molecule generation.<n>MoIA, Molecular Iterative Adaptation, is a training strategy that iteratively combinesSupervised Fine-tuning (SFT) with Reinforced Policy Optimization (RPO) to boost the reasoning performance of R1-like reasoning models for molecule discovery.
• Score: 21.895481477176475
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Large language models (LLMs), especially Explicit Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1 and QWQ, have demonstrated powerful reasoning capabilities, achieving impressive performance in commonsense reasoning and mathematical inference. Despite their effectiveness, Long-CoT reasoning models are often criticized for their limited ability and low efficiency in knowledge-intensive domains such as molecule discovery. Success in this field requires a precise understanding of domain knowledge, including molecular structures and chemical principles, which is challenging due to the inherent complexity of molecular data and the scarcity of high-quality expert annotations. To bridge this gap, we introduce Mol-R1, a novel framework designed to improve explainability and reasoning performance of R1-like Explicit Long-CoT reasoning LLMs in text-based molecule generation. Our approach begins with a high-quality reasoning dataset curated through Prior Regulation via In-context Distillation (PRID), a dedicated distillation strategy to effectively generate paired reasoning traces guided by prior regulations. Building upon this, we introduce MoIA, Molecular Iterative Adaptation, a sophisticated training strategy that iteratively combines Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT) with Reinforced Policy Optimization (RPO), tailored to boost the reasoning performance of R1-like reasoning models for molecule discovery. Finally, we examine the performance of Mol-R1 in the text-based molecule reasoning generation task, showing superior performance against existing baselines.

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