Probing the meV QCD Axion with the $\texttt{SQWARE}$ Quantum Semiconductor Haloscope

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14320v1
• Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2025 18:00:10 GMT
• Title: Probing the meV QCD Axion with the $\texttt{SQWARE}$ Quantum Semiconductor Haloscope
• Authors: Jaanita Mehrani, Tao Xu, Andrey Baydin, Michael J. Manfra, Henry O. Everitt, Andrew J. Long, Kuver Sinha, Junichiro Kono, Shengxi Huang,
• Abstract summary: We propose a new experimental platform for direct detection of axion dark matter in the meV mass range.<n>The axion-induced electromagnetic signal radiatively emitted from the magnetoplasmonic cavity is detected by a state-of-the-art photodetector.
• Score: 1.6023169749558368
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We propose the Semiconductor-Quantum-Well Axion Radiometer Experiment ($\texttt{SQWARE}$) -- a new experimental platform for direct detection of axion dark matter in the meV mass range -- based on resonantly enhanced axion-photon conversion through the inverse Primakoff effect in engineered quantum semiconductor heterostructures. The core of the radiometer is a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structure forming a magnetoplasmonic cavity, containing an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas, which realizes a tunable epsilon-near-zero resonance in the terahertz frequency range. By controlling the orientation of the cavity within a strong external magnetic field, both the resonance frequency and the axion-induced current are optimized $\textit{in situ}$, enabling efficient scanning across a broad mass range without complex mechanical adjustment. The axion-induced electromagnetic signal radiatively emitted from the magnetoplasmonic cavity is detected by a state-of-the-art photodetector. We present the theoretical basis for resonant enhancement, detail the experimental design and benchmarks through extensive simulations, and project the sensitivity of $\texttt{SQWARE}$ for several realistic configurations. Our results demonstrate that $\texttt{SQWARE}$ can probe the well-motivated quantum chromodynamics axion parameter space and close a critical gap in direct searches at meV masses.

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