Relevance to Utility: Process-Supervised Rewrite for RAG

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15577v1
• Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2025 04:24:57 GMT
• Title: Relevance to Utility: Process-Supervised Rewrite for RAG
• Authors: Jaeyoung Kim, Jongho Kim, Seung-won Hwang, Seoho Song, Young-In Song,
• Abstract summary: We show how "bridge" modules fail to capture true document utility.<n>We propose R2U, with a key distinction of directly optimizing to maximize the probability of generating a correct answer.
• Score: 38.81331265140413
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems often suffer from a gap between optimizing retrieval relevance and generative utility: retrieved documents may be topically relevant but still lack the content needed for effective reasoning during generation. While existing "bridge" modules attempt to rewrite the retrieved text for better generation, we show how they fail to capture true document utility. In this work, we propose R2U, with a key distinction of directly optimizing to maximize the probability of generating a correct answer through process supervision. As such direct observation is expensive, we also propose approximating an efficient distillation pipeline by scaling the supervision from LLMs, which helps the smaller rewriter model generalize better. We evaluate our method across multiple open-domain question-answering benchmarks. The empirical results demonstrate consistent improvements over strong bridging baselines.

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