Three-Dimensional Niobium Coaxial Cavity with $\sim0.1\,$second Lifetime

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01819v2
• Date: Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:56:20 GMT
• Title: Three-Dimensional Niobium Coaxial Cavity with $\sim0.1\,$second Lifetime
• Authors: Takaaki Takenaka, Takayuki Kubo, Imran Mahboob, Kosuke Mizuno, Hitoshi Inoue, Takayuki Saeki, Shiro Saito,
• Abstract summary: We report on the internal quality factor of a three-dimensional niobium quarter-wave coaxial cavity, with mid-temperature annealing, exhibiting $Q_rm int gtrsim 3times109$ at the single-photon level below 20,mK.<n>This surface treatment could be applicable to the fabrication of 2D superconducting circuits and help improve the lifetime of Nb-based superconducting qubits.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We report on the internal quality factor of a three-dimensional niobium quarter-wave coaxial cavity, with mid-temperature annealing, exhibiting $Q_{\rm int} \gtrsim 3\times10^9$ at the single-photon level below 20\,mK, which corresponds to an internal photon lifetime of $\tau_{\rm int}\sim90\,\mathrm{ms}$. Moreover, $Q_{\rm int}$ of the mid-temperature annealed cavities remains almost unchanged even after several cooldown cycles and air exposure. These results suggest that stable low-loss niobium oxides might be formed by mid-temperature annealing on the surface of three-dimensional niobium cavity. This surface treatment could be applicable to the fabrication of 2D superconducting circuits and help improve the lifetime of Nb-based superconducting qubits.

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