Sensitive detection of the Rydberg transition in trapped electrons on liquid helium using radio-frequency reflectometry

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22615v1
• Date: Sun, 26 Oct 2025 10:18:35 GMT
• Title: Sensitive detection of the Rydberg transition in trapped electrons on liquid helium using radio-frequency reflectometry
• Authors: Jui-Yin Lin, Tomoyuki Tani, Mikhail Belianchikov, Denis Konstantinov,
• Abstract summary: We use radio-frequency reflectometry to detect excitation of the quantized motional (Rydberg) states of trapped electrons on liquid helium.<n>Results suggest that the observed response to the Rydberg resonance must be attributed to the lateral motion of microwave-excited electrons.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Radio-frequency reflectometry, which probes small changes in the electrical impedance of a device, provides a useful method for sensitive and fast detection of dynamic processes in quantum systems. Here, we use this method to detect excitation of the quantized motional (Rydberg) states of trapped electrons on liquid helium. The Rydberg transition in an ensemble of electrons is detected by a change in the impedance of an rf circuit in response to a pulsed-modulated microwave excitation. The result is compared with an independent impedance measurement on the same electron system modulated by an electrostatic potential and with a numerical simulation using the Green's function method. Additionally, it is found that the rf response to the Rydberg resonance can be strongly enhanced by a resonant mode of the electron collective motion. Our results suggest that the observed response to the Rydberg resonance must be attributed to the lateral motion of microwave-excited electrons rather than the quantum capacitance associated with their vertical displacement, as was recently reported. Our theoretical analysis based on the solution of the master equation shows that the quantum capacitance would show a response which is drastically different from what is observed in the experiments.

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