Related papers: Repulsively Bound Hadrons in a $\mathbb{Z}

Repulsively Bound Hadrons in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23618v1
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2025 18:00:03 GMT
Title: Repulsively Bound Hadrons in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory
Authors: Sayak Guha Roy, Vaibhav Sharma, Kaidi Xu, Umberto Borla, Jad C. Halimeh, Kaden R. A. Hazzard,
Abstract summary: We show that resonant pair-production terms give rise to an additional repulsive binding mechanism that forms a stable hadron'' bound state of two mesons.<n>A high-energy state, the hadron is stabilized by being off-resonantly coupled to a continuum.<n>Our findings are amenable to experimental observation on modern quantum hardware from superconducting qubits to trapped ions.
Score: 14.919248418949065
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract: A paradigmatic model, the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory exhibits confinement mediated by the gauge field that binds pairs of particles into mesons, drawing connections to quantum chromodynamics. In the absence of any additional attractive interactions between particles, mesons are not known to bind in this model. Here, we show that resonant pair-production terms give rise to an additional repulsive binding mechanism that forms a stable ``hadron'' bound state of two mesons. A high-energy state, the hadron is stabilized by being off-resonantly coupled to a continuum. We study the dynamical formation of this bound state starting from local excitations. We use matrix product state techniques based on the time-evolving block decimation algorithm to perform our numerical simulations and analyze the effect of model parameters on hadron formation. Furthermore, we derive an effective model that explains its formation. Our findings are amenable to experimental observation on modern quantum hardware from superconducting qubits to trapped ions.

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