Generalized State Discrimination for Tunable Quantum Key Distribution: The phiQKD Protocol

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06488v1
• Date: Sun, 09 Nov 2025 18:19:33 GMT
• Title: Generalized State Discrimination for Tunable Quantum Key Distribution: The phiQKD Protocol
• Authors: Animesh Banik, Md. Shihab Khan, Rafid Masrur Khan, Syed Emad Uddin Shubha, Quazi Muhammad Rashed Nizam,
• Abstract summary: We introduce a tunable framework for generalized quantum state discrimination (GSD) and apply it to quantum key distribution (QKD) through a protocol we call phiQKD.<n>We show that, treating quantum measurement as a tunable parameter, rather than a fixed operation, enables flexible protocol optimization and improved performance under realistic constraints.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We introduce a tunable framework for generalized quantum state discrimination (GSD) and apply it to quantum key distribution (QKD) through a protocol we call phiQKD. Building upon the two-state B92 protocol, phiQKD replaces the traditional unambiguous state discrimination (IDP) measurement with a one-parameter family of hybrid POVMs characterized by a tilting angle $\phi$. This allows for continuous control over the trade-off among correct, incorrect, and inconclusive outcomes. While the asymptotic key rate improvement over B92 is modest, phiQKD offers a practical advantage by enabling adaptability to noise and channel imperfections via measurement tunability. By evaluating the protocol under asymptotic, finite-key, and composable security models, we show that, treating quantum measurement as a tunable design parameter, rather than a fixed operation, enables flexible protocol optimization and improved performance under realistic constraints.

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