GNN-Enabled Robust Hybrid Beamforming with Score-Based CSI Generation and Denoising

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06663v1
• Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2025 03:18:34 GMT
• Title: GNN-Enabled Robust Hybrid Beamforming with Score-Based CSI Generation and Denoising
• Authors: Yuhang Li, Yang Lu, Bo Ai, Zhiguo Ding, Dusit Niyato, Arumugam Nallanathan,
• Abstract summary: We propose to utilize Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and score-based generative models to enable robust Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) tasks.<n>We design a Bidirectional Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based Noise Conditional Score Network (NCSN) to learn the distribution of high-resolution CSI.<n>Finally, we present a Denoising Score Network (DSN) framework and its instantiation, termed DeBERT, which can denoise imperfect CSI under arbitrary channel error levels.
• Score: 105.08746566747324
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Accurate Channel State Information (CSI) is critical for Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) tasks. However, obtaining high-resolution CSI remains challenging in practical wireless communication systems. To address this issue, we propose to utilize Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and score-based generative models to enable robust HBF under imperfect CSI conditions. Firstly, we develop the Hybrid Message Graph Attention Network (HMGAT) which updates both node and edge features through node-level and edge-level message passing. Secondly, we design a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based Noise Conditional Score Network (NCSN) to learn the distribution of high-resolution CSI, facilitating CSI generation and data augmentation to further improve HMGAT's performance. Finally, we present a Denoising Score Network (DSN) framework and its instantiation, termed DeBERT, which can denoise imperfect CSI under arbitrary channel error levels, thereby facilitating robust HBF. Experiments on DeepMIMO urban datasets demonstrate the proposed models' superior generalization, scalability, and robustness across various HBF tasks with perfect and imperfect CSI.

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