Benchmarking Gaussian and non-Gaussian input states with a hybrid sampling platform

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08433v1
• Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2025 10:02:15 GMT
• Title: Benchmarking Gaussian and non-Gaussian input states with a hybrid sampling platform
• Authors: Michael Stefszky, Kai-Hong Luo, Jan-Lucas Eickmann, Simone Atzeni, Florian Lütkewitte, Cheeranjiv Pandey, Fabian Schlue, Jonas Lammers, Mikhail Roiz, Timon Schapeler, Laura Ares, Milad Yahyapour, Alexander Kastner, Joschua Martinek, Michael Mittermair, Carlos Sevilla, Marius Leyendecker, Oskar Kohout, Dmitriy Mitin, Ronald Holzwarth, Jan Sperling, Tim Bartley, Fabian Steinlechner, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn,
• Abstract summary: Paderborn Quantum Sampler (PaQS) is a hybrid platform capable of performing sampling experiments with eight Gaussian or non-Gaussian input states in a 12-mode interferometer.<n>This architecture enables direct, side-by-side benchmarking of distinct sampling regimes under otherwise identical conditions.
• Score: 23.783112437016815
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The original boson sampling paradigm-consisting of multiple single-photon input states, a large interferometer, and multi-channel click detection-was originally proposed as a photonic route to quantum computational advantage. Its non-Gaussian resources, essential for outperforming any classical system, are provided by single-photon inputs and click detection. Yet the drive toward larger experiments has led to the replacement of experimentally demanding single-photon sources with Gaussian states, thereby diminishing the available non-Gaussianity-a critical quantum resource. As the community broadens its focus from the initial sampling task to possible real-world applications, it becomes crucial to quantify the performance cost associated with reducing non-Gaussian resources and to benchmark sampling platforms that employ different input states. To address this need, we introduce the Paderborn Quantum Sampler (PaQS), a hybrid platform capable of performing sampling experiments with eight Gaussian or non-Gaussian input states in a 12-mode interferometer within a single experimental run. This architecture enables direct, side-by-side benchmarking of distinct sampling regimes under otherwise identical conditions. By employing a semi-device-independent framework, offering certification that does not rely on prior knowledge of the interferometer or the input states, we verify that the observed data cannot be reproduced by any classical model-a prerequisite for demonstrating quantum advantage. Applying this framework, we observe clear performance gains arising from non-Gaussian input states.

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