Automated Plant Disease and Pest Detection System Using Hybrid Lightweight CNN-MobileViT Models for Diagnosis of Indigenous Crops

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11871v1
• Date: Sat, 06 Dec 2025 06:24:46 GMT
• Title: Automated Plant Disease and Pest Detection System Using Hybrid Lightweight CNN-MobileViT Models for Diagnosis of Indigenous Crops
• Authors: Tekleab G. Gebremedhin, Hailom S. Asegede, Bruh W. Tesheme, Tadesse B. Gebremichael, Kalayu G. Redae,
• Abstract summary: Agriculture supports over 80% of the population in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.<n> infrastructural disruptions limit access to expert crop disease diagnosis.<n>We present an offline-first detection system centered on a newly curated indigenous cactus-fig dataset.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Agriculture supports over 80% of the population in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, where infrastructural disruptions limit access to expert crop disease diagnosis. We present an offline-first detection system centered on a newly curated indigenous cactus-fig (Opuntia ficus-indica) dataset consisting of 3,587 field images across three core symptom classes. Given deployment constraints in post-conflict edge environments, we benchmark three mobile-efficient architectures: a custom lightweight CNN, EfficientNet-Lite1, and the CNN-Transformer hybrid MobileViT-XS. While the broader system contains independent modules for potato, apple, and corn, this study isolates cactus-fig model performance to evaluate attention sensitivity and inductive bias transfer on indigenous morphology alone. Results establish a clear Pareto trade-off: EfficientNet-Lite1 achieves 90.7% test accuracy, the lightweight CNN reaches 89.5% with the most favorable deployment profile (42 ms inference latency, 4.8 MB model size), and MobileViT-XS delivers 97.3% mean cross-validation accuracy, demonstrating that MHSA-based global reasoning disambiguates pest clusters from two dimensional fungal lesions more reliably than local texture CNN kernels. The ARM compatible models are deployed in a Tigrigna and Amharic localized Flutter application supporting fully offline inference on Cortex-A53 class devices, strengthening inclusivity for food security critical diagnostics.

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