Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions in a laser-cooled Ca+ matrix

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12266v1
• Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2025 10:18:00 GMT
• Title: Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions in a laser-cooled Ca+ matrix
• Authors: Leonid Prokhorov, Aaron A. Smith, Mingyao Xu, Kostas Georgiou, Vera Guarrera, Lakshmi P. Kozhiparambil Sajith, Elwin A. Dijck, Christian Warnecke, Malte Wehrheim, Alexander Wilzewski, Laura Blackburn, Matthias Keller, Vincent Boyer, Thomas Pfeifer, Ullrich Schwanke, Cigdem Issever, Steven Worm, Piet O. Schmidt, José R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Giovanni Barontini,
• Abstract summary: We report on the sympathetic cooling and Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions (HCIs) with laser-cooled Ca$+$ ions.<n>The system effectively combines the established quantum control toolbox for Ca$+$ with the rich set of atomic properties of Xe highly charged ions.
• Score: 25.266513266872366
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We report on the sympathetic cooling and Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions (HCIs) with laser-cooled Ca$^+$ ions. The HCIs are produced in a compact electron beam ion trap, then charge selected, decelerated, and finally injected into a cryogenic linear Paul trap. There, they are captured into $^{40}$Ca$^+$ Coulomb crystals, and co-crystallized within them, causing dark voids in their fluorescence images. Fine control over the number of trapped ions and HCIs allows us to realize mixed-species crystals with arbitrary ordering patterns. By investigating Xe$^{q+}$--Ca$^+$ strings, we confirm the HCI charge states, measure their lifetime and characterize the mixed-species motional modes. Our system effectively combines the established quantum control toolbox for Ca$^+$ with the rich set of atomic properties of Xe highly charged ions, providing a resourceful platform for optical frequency metrology, searches for signatures of new physics, and quantum information science.

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