Quantum information of optical magnetometry: Semiclassical Cramer-Rao bound violation and Heisenberg scaling

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01820v1
• Date: Mon, 05 Jan 2026 06:23:31 GMT
• Title: Quantum information of optical magnetometry: Semiclassical Cramer-Rao bound violation and Heisenberg scaling
• Authors: Georg Engelhardt, Ming Li, Xingchang Wang, JunYan Luo, J. F. Chen,
• Abstract summary: Optical magnetometers use the rotation of linearly polarized laser light induced by the Faraday effect for high precision magnetic field measurements.<n>Here, we carry out an in-depth quantum information investigation, deploying two distinct models.<n>The comparison of both models shows that Heisenberg scaling is a result of measurement-induced quantum correlation in an otherwise non-interacting quantum system.
• Score: 4.141596800569471
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Optical magnetometers use the rotation of linearly polarized laser light induced by the Faraday effect for high precision magnetic field measurements. Here, we carry out an in-depth quantum information investigation, deploying two distinct models: The first, semiclassical model can violate the quantum Cramer-Rao bound by several orders of magnitude for weak dissipation and large atom numbers, invalidating the semiclassical approach in this parameter regime. The second model, describing the atoms as a collective spin, respects the Cramer-Rao bound for all parameters. Interestingly, the collective model also predicts Heisenberg scaling for the quantum Fisher information. The comparison of both models shows that Heisenberg scaling is a result of measurement-induced quantum correlation in an otherwise non-interacting quantum system. As the Heisenberg scaling appears in a stationary state of a macroscopic quantum system, it can be thus viewed as a new paradigm in quantum sensing. Intriguingly, the comparison of both models with experimental data can constitute a test for the foundations of quantum mechanics in a macroscopic ensemble of atoms.

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