C-GRASP: Clinically-Grounded Reasoning for Affective Signal Processing

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10342v1
• Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 12:35:35 GMT
• Title: C-GRASP: Clinically-Grounded Reasoning for Affective Signal Processing
• Abstract summary: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a pivotal noninvasive marker for autonomic monitoring.<n>Applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to HRV interpretation is hindered by physiological hallucinations.<n>We propose C-GRASP, a guardrailed RAG-enhanced pipeline that decomposes HRV interpretation into eight traceable reasoning steps.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a pivotal noninvasive marker for autonomic monitoring; however, applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to HRV interpretation is hindered by physiological hallucinations. These include respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) contamination, short-data instability in nonlinear metrics, and the neglect of individualized baselines in favor of population norms. We propose C-GRASP (Clinically-Grounded Reasoning for Affective Signal Processing), a guardrailed RAG-enhanced pipeline that decomposes HRV interpretation into eight traceable reasoning steps. Central to C-GRASP is a Z-score Priority Hierarchy that enforces the weighting of individualized baseline shifts over normative statistics. The system effectively mitigates spectral hallucinations through automated RSA-aware guardrails, preventing contamination of frequency-domain indices. Evaluated on 414 trials from the DREAMER dataset, C-GRASP integrated with high-scale reasoning models (e.g., MedGemma3-thinking) achieved superior performance in 4-class emotion classification (37.3% accuracy) and a Clinical Reasoning Consistency (CRC) score of 69.6%. Ablation studies confirm that the individualized Delta Z-score module serves as the critical logical anchor, preventing the "population bias" common in native LLMs. Ultimately, C-GRASP transitions affective computing from black-box classification to transparent, evidence-based clinical decision support, paving the way for safer AI integration in biomedical engineering.

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