Eddy-Resolving Global Ocean Forecasting with Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12775v1
• Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2026 07:11:08 GMT
• Title: Eddy-Resolving Global Ocean Forecasting with Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks
• Authors: Yuta Hirabayashi, Daisuke Matusoka, Konobu Kimura,
• Abstract summary: This study proposes a multi-scale graph neural network-based ocean model for 10-day global forecasting.<n>The model employs an encoder-processor-decoder architecture and uses two spherical meshes with different resolutions to better capture the multi-scale nature of ocean dynamics.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Research on data-driven ocean models has progressed rapidly in recent years; however, the application of these models to global eddy-resolving ocean forecasting remains limited. The accurate representation of ocean dynamics across a wide range of spatial scales remains a major challenge in such applications. This study proposes a multi-scale graph neural network-based ocean model for 10-day global forecasting that improves short-term prediction skill and enhances the representation of multi-scale ocean variability. The model employs an encoder-processor-decoder architecture and uses two spherical meshes with different resolutions to better capture the multi-scale nature of ocean dynamics. In addition, the model incorporates surface atmospheric variables along with ocean state variables as node inputs to improve short-term prediction accuracy by representing atmospheric forcing. Evaluation using surface kinetic energy spectra and case studies shows that the model accurately represents a broad range of spatial scales, while root mean square error comparisons demonstrate improved skill in short-term predictions. These results indicate that the proposed model delivers more accurate short-term forecasts and improved representation of multi-scale ocean dynamics, thereby highlighting its potential to advance data-driven, eddy-resolving global ocean forecasting.

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